Configuration

See Pyramid settings documentation.

Environment variables

In order to ease deployment or testing strategies, Cliquet reads settings from environment variables, in addition to .ini files.

For example, cliquet.storage_backend is read from environment variable CLIQUET_STORAGE_BACKEND if defined, else from application .ini, else from internal defaults.

Project info

cliquet.project_name = project
cliquet.project_docs = https://project.rtfd.org/
# cliquet.project_version = 1.0

Feature settings

# Limit number of batch operations per request
# cliquet.batch_max_requests = 25

# Force pagination *(recommended)*
# cliquet.paginate_by = 200

# Custom record id generator class
# cliquet.id_generator = cliquet.storage.generators.UUID4

Disabling endpoints

It is possible to deactivate specific resources operations, directly in the settings.

To do so, a setting key must be defined for the disabled resources endpoints:

'cliquet.{endpoint_type}_{resource_name}_{method}_enabled'

Where: - endpoint_type is either collection or record; - resource_name is the name of the resource (by default, Cliquet uses

the name of the class);
  • method is the http method (in lower case): For instance put.

For instance, to disable the PUT on records for the Mushrooms resource, the following setting should be declared in the .ini file:

# Disable article collection DELETE endpoint
cliquet.collection_article_delete_enabled = false

# Disable mushroom record PATCH endpoint
cliquet.record_mushroom_patch_enabled = false

Deployment

# cliquet.backoff = 10
cliquet.retry_after_seconds = 30

Scheme, host and port

By default Cliquet does not enforce requests scheme, host and port. It relies on WSGI specification and the related stack configuration. Tuning this becomes necessary when the application runs behind proxies or load balancers.

Most implementations, like uwsgi, provide configuration variables to adjust it properly.

However if, for some reasons, this had to be enforced at the application level, the following settings can be set:

# cliquet.http_scheme = https
# cliquet.http_host = production.server:7777

Check the url value returned in the hello view.

Deprecation

Activate the service deprecation. If the date specified in eos is in the future, an alert will be sent to clients. If it’s in the past, the service will be declared as decomissionned.

# cliquet.eos = 2015-01-22
# cliquet.eos_message = "Client is too old"
# cliquet.eos_url = http://website/info-shutdown.html

Logging with Heka

Mozilla Services standard logging format can be enabled using:

cliquet.logging_renderer = cliquet.logs.MozillaHekaRenderer

With the following configuration, all logs are redirected to standard output (See 12factor app):

[loggers]
keys = root

[handlers]
keys = console

[formatters]
keys = heka

[logger_root]
level = INFO
handlers = console
formatter = heka

[handler_console]
class = StreamHandler
args = (sys.stdout,)
level = NOTSET

[formatter_heka]
format = %(message)s

Handling exceptions with Sentry

Requires the raven package, or Cliquet installed with pip install cliquet[monitoring].

Sentry logging can be enabled, as explained in official documentation.

Note

The application sends an INFO message on startup, mainly for setup check.

Monitoring with StatsD

Requires the statsd package, or Cliquet installed with pip install cliquet[monitoring].

StatsD metrics can be enabled (disabled by default):

cliquet.statsd_url = udp://localhost:8125
# cliquet.statsd_prefix = cliquet.project_name

Monitoring with New Relic

Requires the newrelic package, or Cliquet installed with pip install cliquet[monitoring].

Enable middlewares as described here.

New-Relic can be enabled (disabled by default):

cliquet.newrelic_config = /location/of/newrelic.ini
cliquet.newrelic_env = prod

Storage

cliquet.storage_backend = cliquet.storage.redis
cliquet.storage_url = redis://localhost:6379/1

# Safety limit while fetching from storage
# cliquet.storage_max_fetch_size = 10000

# Control number of pooled connections
# cliquet.storage_pool_size = 50

See storage backend documentation for more details.

Cache

cliquet.cache_backend = cliquet.cache.redis
cliquet.cache_url = redis://localhost:6379/0

# Control number of pooled connections
# cliquet.storage_pool_size = 50

See cache backend documentation for more details.

Authentication

Since user identification is hashed in storage, a secret key is required in configuration:

# cliquet.userid_hmac_secret = b4c96a8692291d88fe5a97dd91846eb4

Authentication setup

Cliquet relies on :github:`pyramid multiauth <mozilla-service/pyramid_multiauth>`_ to initialize authentication.

Therefore, any authentication policy can be specified through configuration.

For example, using the following example, Basic Auth, Persona and IP Auth are enabled:

multiauth.policies = basicauth pyramid_persona ipauth

multiauth.policy.ipauth.use = pyramid_ipauth.IPAuthentictionPolicy
multiauth.policy.ipauth.ipaddrs = 192.168.0.*
multiauth.policy.ipauth.userid = LAN-user
multiauth.policy.ipauth.principals = trusted

Similarly, any authorization policies and group finder function can be specified through configuration in order to deeply customize permissions handling and authorizations.

Basic Auth

basicauth is mentioned among multiauth.policies by default.

multiauth.policies = basicauth

By default, it uses an internal Basic Auth policy bundled with Cliquet.

In order to replace it by another one:

multiauth.policies = basicauth
multiauth.policy.basicauth.use = myproject.authn.BasicAuthPolicy

Custom Authentication

Using the various Pyramid authentication packages, it is possible to plug any kind of authentication.

(Github/Twitter example to be done)

Firefox Accounts

Enabling Firefox Accounts consists in including cliquet_fxa in configuration, mentioning fxa among policies and providing appropriate values for OAuth2 client settings.

See mozilla-services/cliquet-fxa.

Permission configuration

ACE are usually set on objects using the permission backend.

It is also possible to configure them from settings, and it will bypass the permission backend.

For example, for a resource named “bucket”, the following setting will enable authenticated people to create bucket records:

cliquet.bucket_create_principals = system.Authenticated

The format of these permission settings is <resource_name>_<permission>_principals = comma,separated,principals.

Application profiling

It is possible to profile the application while its running. This is especially useful when trying to find slowness in the application.

Enable middlewares as described here.

Update the configuration file with the following values:

cliquet.profiler_enabled = true
cliquet.profiler_dir = /tmp/profiling

Run a load test (for example):

SERVER_URL=http://localhost:8000 make bench -e

Render execution graphs using GraphViz:

sudo apt-get install graphviz
pip install gprof2dot
gprof2dot -f pstats POST.v1.batch.000176ms.1427458675.prof | dot -Tpng -o output.png

Enable middleware

In order to enable Cliquet middleware, wrap the application in the project main function:

def main(global_config, **settings):
    config = Configurator(settings=settings)
    cliquet.initialize(config, __version__)
    app = config.make_wsgi_app()
    return cliquet.install_middlewares(app)

Initialization sequence

In order to control what part of Cliquet should be run during application startup, or add custom initialization steps from configuration, it is possible to change the initialization_sequence setting.

Warning

This is considered as a dangerous zone and should be used with caution.

Later, a better formalism should be introduced to easily allow addition or removal of steps, without repeating the whole list and without relying on internal functions location.

cliquet.initialization_sequence = cliquet.initialization.setup_json_serializer
                                  cliquet.initialization.setup_logging
                                  cliquet.initialization.setup_storage
                                  cliquet.initialization.setup_cache
                                  cliquet.initialization.setup_requests_scheme
                                  cliquet.initialization.setup_version_redirection
                                  cliquet.initialization.setup_deprecation
                                  cliquet.initialization.setup_authentication
                                  cliquet.initialization.setup_backoff
                                  cliquet.initialization.setup_stats